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Prostate cancer surgery is recommended for those patients where cancer is localized and has not metastasized. At CMCS Health, we are associated with the best Indian Uro-oncology surgeons for both laparoscopic prostate cancer surgery and Robotic prostatectomy for prostate cancer treatments in India.
da Vinci robotic prostatectomy for prostate cancer treatment in India has considerable advantages over conventional laparoscopic prostatectomy as it not only empowers the surgeon to overcome shortcomings associated with both open prostatectomy and laparoscopic prostatectomy but also offers better patient compliance. We are associated with the most experienced Uro-Oncology surgeons of India well versed in Robotic prostatectomy .
During a robot-assisted prostatectomy for prostate cancer treatment in India, a three-dimensional endoscope and equipment for high-resolution images and enhanced field of vision are used to provide a magnified view of delicate tissues and structures like blood vessels, nerves, and muscles surrounding the prostate gland.
As the incisions made during the da Vinci robotic prostatectomy are much smaller in size, they reduce the chances of any post-surgery infections, minimize the damage to surrounding tissues, and have lesser hospital stay for patients.
During the robotic prostatectomy the surgeon sits at a computer console and manipulates the tiny wristed instruments that offer greater mobility than the human wrist and thus offers a better precise surgery.
Prostate cancer patients whose prostate cancer is in T1 or T2 stage , that is the cancer is localized , are the ideal for robotic prostatectomy however your treating doctor will decide if robotic prostatectomy is best suited for you.
Treatment of prostate cancer is like the treatment of any other cancer. It involves all three fields of cancer treatments like Cancer Surgery, Medical oncology ( Chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted or immunotherapy ), radiation therapy ( for brachytherapy, IMRT, IGRT, 3D CRT, VMAT, or SBRT) for complete and comprehensive prostate cancer treatment in India.
Knee joint replacement surgery is recommended for those who suffer from severe arthritis pain. Doctors recommend a knee joint replacement surgery usually for patients above 60 years but younger patients may also require a knee replacement surgery if all other treatments options are unable to bring in desired results.
In younger patients who undergo a knee replacement surgery the chances of an early wear out are high because of hectic life styles that put additional stress on the artificial knee.
Human knee joint is the largest joint in human skeletal system. Knee joint is also referred as "Hinge Joint" because it is able to flex , bend and straighten like a door hinge.Like all bone ends  in the human skeletal system,the knee joint bones are also covered with a layer of cartilage.
This cartilage acts as shock absorbing cushion to prevent wear and tear to bone ends because of continuous friction created by movements. In addition meniscus is a unique cartilage  between the joint surface of leg and thigh. Meniscus does not have a nerve ending or blood supply.
Meniscus receives it's nutrient from a lubricant fluid called synovial fluid contained within the knee joint. Knee joint bones are surrounded by synovial lining that produces this moisturizing lubricant. In the absence of synovial fluid ( reasons may be due to a damage because of natural ageing or degenerative disease like arthritis or rheumatism ),meniscus is not able to repair itself from the wear and tear of continuous friction of knee movement.
Ligaments,which are strong fibrous tissues link the bones of knee joint ,hold them in place,thus adding stability and elasticity for the knee movement.Muscles and tendons also support knee joint movements and keeping them stable.
The major reasons for a knee joint replacement are severe arthritis,knee damage due to trauma or injury and knee pain.
Depending about severity of knee joint condition ,age,requirement of patient various surgical interventions are available to give the best treatment option to patients.
Uretero-pelvic junction obstruction occurs when the flow of urine from the renal pelvis to proximal ureter have an obstruction. The condition may lead to Hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis is a medical condition ,where the kidneys are swollen with urine because of narrowing or blocking of ureters. Ureters empty the urine from kidneys into urinary bladder. The resultant back pressure within the renal pelvis may cause progressive kidney damage or deterioration of kidney function.
Uretero-pelvic junction obstruction may appear in children due to a congenital abnormality or even in adults following any previous surgery or any other medical condition that causes inflammation of upper urinary tract.
The exact cause of pediatrics uretro pelvic junction obstruction is still not known. Many times the defect is present in an unborn baby and is termed as congenital defect. It is diagnosed during routine prenatal ultrasound.
There may be many reasons for UPJ obstruction during the gestation period. some of them are:
It can have a genetic component,i.e., it runs in families .Although the responsible gene is not identified yet.
Sometimes a UPJ Obstruction in a child does not have any symptoms. A UPJ Obstruction in a developing fetus is usually observed during a routine prenatal ultrasound. It is detected because of hydronephrosis. In majority of cases it is corrected on its own after the child birth.
But in moderate to severe condition the following symptoms may occur and they do need a medical attention as if left untreated,it may cause a permanent damage to kidney or urinary system of child.
If Hydronephrosis is observed in a developing fetus during a routine prenatal ultrasound , doctor in charge for delivery of child will do more periodic ultrasound to keep a close vigil on any complications arising of the present medical condition.
Many times this medical condition is resolved on it's own ,once the child is born. But the doctor may do following tests after a few week of birth of child.
The reasons for UPJ obstruction in adults may be due to scar tissues,infection,any previous surgery or renal calculi (Kidney Stones).
The other reasons may be:
1. Fibrosis.
2. Crossing vessel at PUJ.
3.An underlying malignancy.
Adults may experience following symptoms because of UPJ Obstruction:
Treatment line depends on presence of underlying cause.In Majority of congenital cases,no intervention is required and the condition subsides after some time however in case of a definite structural obstruction ,surgical intervention in the form of pyeloplasty or stenting may be needed.
Surgery is also inevitable in case of deterioration of renal function or when associated symptoms are severe and progressive.Aim of treatment is to normalize renal drainage and if possible,improve if  reversing the damage to kidneys is not possible.
We offer cost-effective Uterine Fibroids - Infertility Treatments in India. Uterine Fibroid is one of the factors associated with female factor infertility.
Uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous growth) in the muscular walls of the uterus. They are common in women of childbearing age. Fibroids can be very small or big, sometimes they are huge too.
There may be multiple fibroids in the uterus. Generally, Â fibroids do not cause any problem or symptoms but in some women, because of the location and size, they may cause pain and heavy bleeding during menses.
Fibroids are also associated with infertility in women of childbearing age. The formation and growth of uterine fibroids are estrogen and progesterone-dependent. Women in the age group of 25 years onwards and up to pre-menopause are more susceptible to fibroids, which may cause infertility. As more and more women are delaying pregnancy because of career goals, the chances of uterine fibroid being the cause of Infertility are increasing.
The factors responsible for Uterine fibroids cannot be pinpointed. But the factors commonly associated with Uterine fibroids are the non-malignant mutation in a single cell, causing it to produce the abnormally larger amount of collagen and other proteins. Female hormones estrogen and progesterone play a role in the growth of uterine fibroids. Proteins common in bloodstream known as growth factors are also associated with formation of uterine fibroids.
postpubertal women are at risk of developing uterine fibroids, the risk is higher in the age group of 25 to 35 years.
The treating Doctor may diagnose the uterine fibroid by taking the detailed history of the patient and by physical examination called bimanual physical examination. The treating doctor evaluates the shape and size of the uterus by inserting two fingers properly sterilized and gloved, into the cervix and surrounding pelvic regions while palpating the patient's abdomen above the pelvic bone with the other hand. Ultrasounds, hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingogram, CT Scans and MRI are confirmatory tests for Uterine fibroids and polyps.
Not all uterine fibroids cause infertility. It is the location and size of uterine fibroid that makes the Infertility specialist suggest medical treatment for infertility. A uterine fibroid that may be blocking the passage of sperm to the fallopian tube to fertilize the ova needs to be treated. Uterine fibroids may also obstruct implantation of fertilized ova in the uterus to grow as an embryo. Large Uterine fibroids may cause miscarriage or natural termination of pregnancy and need to be treated.
Uterine fibroids can affect fertility in many ways. They may change the shape of the cervix and obstruct the flow of sperms in the uterus. Change in the shape and structure of the uterus hampers the movement of sperms and embryo. Even fallopian tubes may be blocked by the fibroids. They may have an impact on the size of the lining of the uterine cavity and reduced blood flow, thereby reducing the chances of a fertilized embryo to be implanted in the uterus.
The uterine fibroids which are supposed to have a big impact on fertility ( unless they are large and many in numbers) are the submucous type. Because submucous fibroids infiltrate the uterine cavity, they may cause an abnormality in the uterine cavity and cause infertility and miscarriage. Submucous fibroids are surgically removed to increase the chances of conception.
The treatment of uterine fibroids depends on their location and symptoms. The treatment of uterine fibroid can be broadly classified into three categories.
The medical management of Uterine fibroid involves using GnRH Analogue (Leuprolide acetate) and levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine device( Mirena). But they are not advised for a woman trying to conceive. Leuprolide and Mirena delay the ability to pursue attempts at conception.
Uterine artery embolization is a radiological alternative to surgery that involves placing a catheter into an artery in the leg and guiding the catheter via x-ray pictures to the arteries of the uterus. Once there, the catheter is used to deliver agents that block off these major blood vessels. The safety of this procedure in women desiring pregnancy has not been demonstrated yet and is discouraged by treating infertility specialists.
Surgical interventions are most advocated by infertility specialists for treatment of Uterine fibroid as they increase the chances of conception. Surgical removal of uterine fibroids are the most appropriate treatment for fibroids if the infertility specialists feel that they are the cause of infertility and recurring miscarriages,
Hysteroscopic myomectomy is most appropriate for infertility causing submucous fibroids of size as large as 4 to 5 centimeters.
Laparotomy, minimally invasive laparoscopy, and latest robot-assisted laparoscopy are also used as a minimally invasive surgical procedure for fibroid removal.
Different infertility specialist suggests a different time frame after myomectomy, most of the doctors suggest a time gap of six months for recovery of the uterus before woman start trying for conceiving. However, it is safe to start trying after three months.
In this blog we highlight Sickle Cell Anemia - complications - treatments.
Sickle cell anemia is a severe form of anemia caused by genetic mutation in the Red blood cells. It is a genetic disorder which is inherited by the patient from the two faulty hemoglobin genes from both the parents. Because of the genetic mutation,the shape of RBC ,which is flexible circular disc shaped changes to rigid sickle or crescent shaped rods. Hemoglobin a protein in RBCs,works as a transporter of nutrients and oxygen to cells all across the body.Normal RBCs are disc shaped,with the centers partially scooped out. They are flexible and soft and therefore have the capacity to squeeze through even the tiniest of blood vessels to reach every cell in the body.Due to genetic mutation the RBCs acquire the shape of a crescent moon or Sickle and become rigid and brittle.These Abnormal shaped RBCs which are not flexible get struck in small blood vessels causing slow or blockage of blood flow to other tissues of body and disrupt supply of Oxygen to those parts.
Moreover the lifespan of abnormal sickle shaped RBCs is only 10-20 days as compared to 120 days of normal RBCs.Human body keeps on forming new RBCs to replace the old ones,but in a person with sickle cell disease the balance in formation of new RBCs and Destruction of existing RBCs is disturbed. This results in lower RBC count or anemia  in a person suffering with Sickle cell disease.
Sickle cell anemia may have different complications in different people at different stages of disease,but the major and severe complications for a person suffering from sickle cell anemia are:
Sickle cell crisis or VAS ( Vaso occlusive crisis ) manifests as acute severe pain.Sickle cells disrupts blood supply through smaller capillaries resulting in ischemia. Sudden pain across body that may persist from a few hours to a few days.The pain usually occurs in limbs,chest and back.
Patients with sickle cell disease are prone to severe bacterial infections because of reduction or absence of splenic function. This may expose the patient to extremely high risk of septicemia and meningitis.Pneumonia is the most common infection ,meningitis,influenza and hepatitis are other infections occurring in sickle cell disease patients.
Sickle cell disease may cause a a stroke in an affected person because of oxygen deprivation due to blockage in supply of blood to tissue of brain. Some of the sickle cell anemia patients may experience a Transient ischemic attack.
Pneumonia like complications in a child or adult suffering from sickle cell disease. The reason could be an infection or sickle cells trapped in micro capillaries of lungs.
Hepatobiliary tract abnormalities are common in sickle cell disease patients.They may include cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis, biliary sludge, and acute choledocholithiasis,acute Hepatic Sequestration and acute intrahepatic cholestasis.
A decrease in kidney functions due to dehydration or obstruction or even because of intrinsic renal disease.
May be because of Splenic sequestration.
A systemic failure of lungs,liver and kidney is a life threatening medical condition for sickle cell anemia patients.
A sickle cell disease patient may develop vision problems over a period of time.It may include proliferative sickle retinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage. Complete vision loss is also possible.
Avascular or aseptic necrosis can occur when capillaries are occluded by sickled erythrocytes at distal portions of a bone, near a joint, where hypoxia is maximal and collateral circulation is inadequate .The most common site for sickle cell anemia induced avascular necrosis is femoral neck.
Leg ulcers appear in patients of sickle cell anemia.
Pulmonary hypertension occur in sickle cell disease patients.
Sickle cell anemia patients are  usually referred to a Hematologist ( A doctor who has specialized in blood disease management).
Treatment of sickle cell anemia may involve determining many factors by the treating hematologist.Treatment of sickle cell anemia includes regular monitoring and follow up with a hematologist,Medications for management of symptoms and complications,pain management,blood transfusions, oxygen supplementation and allogeneic Bone Marrow transplant.
Stem cell or Bone marrow transplant is a viable treatment option for those young sickle cell anemia patients where the diseases condition is severe and can not be managed with conventional methods. A sickle cell anemia child who is having a matching sibling donor is referred for a bone marrow transplant by the hematologist considering all the pros and cons. Risk involved is big but a stem cell or bone marrow transplant is the only cure for sickle cell anemia child or young adult.
Before the transplant, bone marrow cells are taken from a close matching healthy brother or sister. The patient with  sickle cell disease is then treated with chemotherapy and radiation that destroy his or her bone marrow cells. After that, the donated bone marrow stem cells are transplanted in the patient.
Dr Rahul Bhargava is Head of Department-Bone Marrow Transplant and Blood Cancer Treatment at Forts memorial Research Institute,Gurgaon,India.
Hepatitis C is a viral infection that infects liver and causes inflammation and scarring of normal liver tissues. If left untreated it may cause serious, life threatening damage to liver over a period of time.
The prolonged and persisting inflammation in liver tissues may cause scarring of healthy liver tissues. An extensive scarring of Liver tissues leads to cirrhosis. It is this stage of chronic liver disease that starts affecting the life of the Infected. Chronic cirrhosis may also cause Cancer of Liver. Hepatitis-C can be cured in many cases with combination of drugs.Sometimes the treatment for cirrhotic liver is Liver transplant.
Hepatitis-C spreads through mingling of blood from a infected person to a healthy person.Usually it is percutaneous transmission of HCV from an infected person to a healthy person.Hepatitis-C is seven times more infectious than HIV. The most common cause of Hepatitis-C infection is Intravenous drug usage and infected needles (Injections). Unhygienic tattooing and body piercing centers which may use unsterile needles for the purpose,It may be transmitted from an infected mother to an unborn child,Very few and rare chances of transmitting through sexual intercourse,Using common household items like a shaving razor,Scissors,Manicuring equipments,tooth brushes etc., People who may have taken a blood transfusion before 1990,Hemodialysis,a medical procedure , an accidental injection needle prick from an infected person in a healthcare worker etc.
Healthcare workers,people who uses common shaving and hair cutting saloons,may be because of an infected razor or scissor,People who had a blood transfusion before 1992,people who had received hemodialysis on a machine which has dialysed an HCV infected person,elderly people who may have had a surgery before 1990. An unborn child whose mother may be HCV positive.
Majority of people in early stages of Hepatitis-C Infection does not have noticeable symptoms.But once the disease progress the symptoms start appearing, are:
The early symptoms appear in a very small infected population and may be because of other medical conditions too.
Yellowing of Skin (jaundice) and whites of eye,Uncommon fatigue or general malice, Dark coloured urine,loss of appetite,fever,muscles and joint pains, Stomach ache etc.
But in an advanced stage of disease the symptoms may include Itching and rashes on skin,Weight loss,Enlargement of breast in men(Gynecomastia),Easy bleeding and bruising of skin,Prolonged blood coagulation time ( time taken in stopping of bleeding from a wound is prolonged),swelling of feet,rashes on palms,fluid accumulation in stomach (ascites),appearance of spider web like blood vessels ( Spider angiomas),Kidney functions being derailed ( Cryoglobulinemia),persistent yellowing of skin and eye whites.
More severe symptoms of chronic hepatitis-C include portal hypertension ,esophageal varices ( engorged veins in the swallowing tube) that may bleed suddenly,enlarged spleen that may result in anemia,fall in platelets count (thrombocytopenia) that makes the infected person prone to bleeding easily and prolonged time of stopping of bleeding and confusion,disorientation and even coma because of hepatic encephalopathy.
HCV Antibody testing ,HCV viral load testing, HCV genotype testing for determining the treatment course and duration,and the possibility of curing the disease.Other tests may be done for a Hepatitis-C patient like LFT (liver function test) to determine the damage to liver,a liver biopsy to determine cirrhosis,imaging tests like ultrasound,CT scan and MRI to determine fatty liver and liver cancer.
Treatment,duration and medication for Hepatitis-C depends on several factors. A gastro. Physician will consider all the aspects in every individual patient before prescribing a medicine or combinations of medicines. Some of the factors determining the course of treatment and management of Hepatitis-C are listed below:
The invention and approval of sofosbuvir a new drug for treating Hepatitis-C infection have brought in a dramatic change in the outcome of treatment of HCV.
Sofosbuvir can be used in combination with ribavirin or as a three drug combination of Sofosbuvir,pegylated Interferon Alfa and ribavirin.
There are contraindications for Sofosbuvir and it should not be used as an empirical therapy for every Hepatitis-C patient.
CMCS Health an NCR-India based registered medical and healthcare consultancy firm has signed an agreement with Ghazali Memorial Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan for Specialized Medical Treatment of Afghans in India.
A very high number of Afghan people come to India for various medical treatments. As there is no governing or regulating body, many of these guests fall in hands of touts, who do not have a medical background and these guests lands up at wrong hospitals and wrong specialist doctors and spend a big amount of money on their medical treatments.
Many times the guest are not even aware of the medical treatment required before starting from their country, the course of treatment and approx. cost of medical treatment and India and hospital stay required.
According to Dr. Walidullah Adil Sahibzada from Ghazali Memorial Hospital, Charleston Qalai, Ghaibi, Kabul, Afghanistan many provinces in Afghanistan does not have proper diagnostic facilities and medical treatment facilities for complicated medical procedures. Awareness among the population is also low. These people are targets for the touts who are eyeing these people for making some fast money.
Ghazali Memorial hospital has entered an agreement with CMCS Health to provide video conferencing facility for these guests with treating Indian doctors.
An initial screening and basic investigations will be performed at Ghazali Memorial Hospital, the reports will be sent to CMCS Health, who on their part, discuss the case with concerned leading specialist doctors from India and enquire about treatment course, cost and outcome of the treatment.
Ghazali Memorial Hospital with CMCS Health's collaborations, help the patient in choosing to treat hospitals and doctors as per their needs and budget. A treatment offer letter is given to the patient with all relevant details in Kabul, Afghanistan, empowering them with all the information about treating doctor, treating hospital, the course of treatment, cost of treatment and logistics even before they start from their country.
On the patient's coming to India, their medical treatment, stay arrangement is well coordinated by CMCS Health, to ensure the patient's best interest and benefits.
As per MOU between CMCS Health and Ghazali Memorial Hospital, campaigns for awareness and screening of cancer, kidney and liver diseases, blood cancer and thalassemia will be conducted in all the provinces and then consultation and possible medical treatment will be given to Afghan patients by expert Indian specialist doctors, who will keep on visiting Ghazali Memorial Hospital.
These visiting Indian specialist will also train Afghan doctors and paramedical staff for effective management of these life-threatening conditions.
Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways (Lateral) Curvature in spine.At CMCS Health,we are associated with best Spine Surgeons of india for cost effective treatment of Idiopathic-degenerative scoliosis| treatment in India|Spine Surgery in India for our Global Guests.
Scoliosis treatment depends on age,Abnormal curvature in spine and how this curvature is affecting the quality of life of the person.
When the abnormal curvature in spine is unexplained ,it is called idiopathic scoliosis. Young adults and children are more affected with idiopathic scoliosis.
Idiopathic scoliosis treatment in children involves Periodic Observation with Imaging diagnostics to monitor the increase in abnormal curvature of spine,Casting,bracing and spinal fusion surgery as the final step if the condition is severe and affecting quality of life. The surgery may require repetition to keep the pace with child's growth.Young Girls are more prone to idiopathic scoliosis as compared to boys.
Degenerative scoliosis affects the elderly adults. The possible factors responsible for Degenerative scoliosis are arthritis,osteoporosis,a trauma to spine may be because of some injury or illness.usual wear and tear to spine due to ageing, osteoporosis,muscular dystrophy,Vertebral compression fracture and degeneration of disc.Another scoliosis cause may be a benign ,non cancerous tumor in spine,which puts undue pressure on nerves and spinal cord and patient may start bending in the opposite direction to avoid putting pressure on tumor ,which causes a postural bending.
Degenerative scoliosis causes pain in mid to lower back,a pain that shoots from lower back and radiates to legs,numbness and weakness in legs and feet.
The signs of idiopathic scoliosis are very sublime and are felt only when the curvature of spine is big and it start affecting the normal functioning.The most common symptoms of scoliosis is a change in posture,a sideways or lateral bending on one side,The affected person may feel that there clothes do not fit them as they used to previously or the pant legs are longer on one side.Scoliosis may cause head to appear off center and one shoulder or hip appear to be higher than the other side.The severe cases may cause difficulty for lungs or heart to function properly.,culminating in shortness of breath or chest pain.
The treatment for idiopathic scoliosis which is common in children involves periodic Observation with diagnostic imaging techniques to keep on monitoring the increase in abnormal curvature of spine,casting,bracing and Spinal fusion surgery as a last resort if the curvature is more than 40%. The child may need subsequent surgeries to keep up pace with growth of child.
Treatment of degenerative scoliosis may involve either one or two procedures. Namely Spinal Fusion surgery or spinal decompression surgery.The aim is to reduces the pressure on spinal chord and give room to nerves.
Liver Transplant in India-At CMCS Health we are associated with best Indian Liver transplant Hospitals and best indian Liver transplant surgeons for Best and Cost Effective Liver Transplant in New Delhi-NCR,for our Global Guests.
Dr. Anupam Saha did his Post Graduation in General Surgery from Armed Forces Medical College Pune and 2 yr Fellowship in Castro Intestinal Surgery from AIIMS New Delhi. He completed 1 yr Fellowship in Liver Transplantation from Kings College Hospital London.
Liver Transplant in India-He was entrusted to establish the only Liver Transplant Centre of the Indian Armed Forces at the premier Army Hospital Research & Referral, New Delhi in 2007.
He was the lead Liver Transplant surgeon of the Indian Armed Forces and has the experience of more than 250 Liver Transplantations involving adult as well as paediatric patients.
Performed India's First In Situ Split Liver Transplant in 2008
Performed Liver Transplant in the youngest recipient in India in 2010.
Liver Transplant in India-Liver is necessary for survival of a human because of its complex functions in human body. Although liver dialysis techniques can be used for a short term survival but CURE definitely is a liver or hepatic transplant. Liver is the only human organ capable of regeneration. Even 25% of healthy and disease free liver can regenerate in to a full liver.
Orthotopic transplantation is the most common and widely used liver transplant procedure. in which the diseased liver in a patient is removed and replaced by a portion of liver donated by a healthy Live relative donor.
The transplanted liver grows into the recipient to full functionality, and donor’s liver also regenerate to a full liver within few weeks.
With the advent of newer class of immunosuppressant medicines, like tacrolimus ,the successs rates have increased many folds.
Anyone with an irreversible liver damage.Most transplants are done for chronic liver diseases leading to cirrhosis, such as chronic hepatitis C, alcoholism, autoimmune hepatitis, and many others.
Any member of the family, parent, sibling, child, spouse can donate their liver. The criteria for a liver donation include:
Dr Anupam Saha is one of the most experienced liver transplant surgeons of India and director of Liver transplant surgery at Fortis Memorial Research Institute,Gurgaon,India.